2 Samuel 24:2

Authorized King James Version

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For the king said to Joab the captain of the host, which was with him, Go now through all the tribes of Israel, from Dan even to Beer-sheba, and number ye the people, that I may know the number of the people.

Original Language Analysis

וַיֹּ֨אמֶר said H559
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 1 of 24
to say (used with great latitude)
הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ For the king H4428
הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ For the king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 2 of 24
a king
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 3 of 24
near, with or among; often in general, to
יוֹאָ֣ב׀ to Joab H3097
יוֹאָ֣ב׀ to Joab
Strong's: H3097
Word #: 4 of 24
joab, the name of three israelites
שַׂר the captain H8269
שַׂר the captain
Strong's: H8269
Word #: 5 of 24
a head person (of any rank or class)
הַחַ֣יִל of the host H2428
הַחַ֣יִל of the host
Strong's: H2428
Word #: 6 of 24
probably a force, whether of men, means or other resources; an army, wealth, virtue, valor, strength
אֲשֶׁר H834
אֲשֶׁר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 7 of 24
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
אִתּ֗וֹ H854
אִתּ֗וֹ
Strong's: H854
Word #: 8 of 24
properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc
שֽׁוּט which was with him Go now through H7751
שֽׁוּט which was with him Go now through
Strong's: H7751
Word #: 9 of 24
properly, to push forth; (but used only figuratively) to lash, i.e., (the sea with oars) to row; by implication, to travel
נָ֞א H4994
נָ֞א
Strong's: H4994
Word #: 10 of 24
'i pray', 'now', or 'then'; added mostly to verbs (in the imperative or future), or to interjections, occasionally to an adverb or conjunction
בְּכָל H3605
בְּכָל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 11 of 24
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
שִׁבְטֵ֤י all the tribes H7626
שִׁבְטֵ֤י all the tribes
Strong's: H7626
Word #: 12 of 24
a scion, i.e., (literally) a stick (for punishing, writing, fighting, ruling, walking, etc.) or (figuratively) a clan
יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ of Israel H3478
יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ of Israel
Strong's: H3478
Word #: 13 of 24
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
מִדָּן֙ from Dan H1835
מִדָּן֙ from Dan
Strong's: H1835
Word #: 14 of 24
dan, one of the sons of jacob; also the tribe descended from him, and its territory; likewise a place in palestine colonized by them
וְעַד H5704
וְעַד
Strong's: H5704
Word #: 15 of 24
as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)
בְּאֵ֣ר H0
בְּאֵ֣ר
Strong's: H0
Word #: 16 of 24
שֶׁ֔בַע even to Beersheba H884
שֶׁ֔בַע even to Beersheba
Strong's: H884
Word #: 17 of 24
beer-sheba, a place in palestine
וּפִקְד֖וּ and number H6485
וּפִקְד֖וּ and number
Strong's: H6485
Word #: 18 of 24
to visit (with friendly or hostile intent); by analogy, to oversee, muster, charge, care for, miss, deposit, etc
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 19 of 24
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
הָעָֽם׃ of the people H5971
הָעָֽם׃ of the people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 20 of 24
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
וְיָ֣דַעְתִּ֔י that I may know H3045
וְיָ֣דַעְתִּ֔י that I may know
Strong's: H3045
Word #: 21 of 24
to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including o
אֵ֖ת H853
אֵ֖ת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 22 of 24
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
מִסְפַּ֥ר the number H4557
מִסְפַּ֥ר the number
Strong's: H4557
Word #: 23 of 24
a number, definite (arithmetical) or indefinite (large, innumerable; small, a few); also (abstractly) narration
הָעָֽם׃ of the people H5971
הָעָֽם׃ of the people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 24 of 24
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock

Analysis & Commentary

For the king said to Joab the captain of the host, which was with him, Go now through all the tribes of Israel, from Dan even to Beer-sheba, and number ye the people, that I may know the number of the people.

This verse contributes to the narrative of Census and Plague, emphasizing pride, judgment, provision. David's census represents prideful self-reliance rather than dependence on God. The plague's devastation demonstrates sin's consequences extending beyond the sinner. David's purchase of Araunah's threshing floor and sacrifice there establishes the future temple location. Theological themes include the danger of pride, corporate consequences of leaders' sins, the necessity of proper sacrifice, God's mercy in limiting judgment, and divine purpose even in disciplinary actions.

Historical Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 24 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding pride, judgment, provision provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

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